The World Of Antiquity, The Roman Empire Essay - 1678 Words

In the world of antiquity, the Roman Empire (A.D. 117) was one of the roots of medieval Europe, where romans were at the top. They ruled this enormous amount of lands, the center being the city of Rome and the leader being the roman emperor. The empire’s extensive political, economic and social structure became vital to the heritage of the Ancient Civilization. The emergence of sustainable agriculture, primitive technology, scholarly writing and reading, and metalworking had developed stability, growth, and overall framework of civilization. Roman dominance prevailed for a long period of time and influenced a great ordeal of cultural diversity amongst nations, introducing the rise of polytheistic and monotheistic religions; particularly Christianity. Religion played an important role in the daily lives of Ancient Rome. The official roman religion centered around many different gods, primarily, the cults of Isis, Mithras, and Roma. These mystery religions were very well-known and prevalent in the western provinces. It connected and addressed the common spiritual needs of the roman world. The most prominent icon was the statue of Mithras, the sun god. Worshipping Mirthas is the same as acknowledging roman control. People were expected to follow only these particular religions otherwise emperors classify it as treason and uphold executions upon them. Romans desired to spread this religious conformity to other parts of the world, intending to expand upon their domain. However,Show MoreRelatedThe Decay Of Ancient Civilization And Mohammed And Charlemagne1686 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There have been several, non- definitive reasons attributed to the decline/ fall/ end of antiquity i.e. the Greco- Roman world. The purpose of this essay is to outline the several reasons that led to the decline. The essay attends to two essays, namely The Decay of Ancient Civilization and Mohammed and Charlemagne by Michael Rostovtzeff and Henri Pirenne, respectively to reason the end of antiquity and the beginning of middle ages. The essay is divided into two sections and discusses the reasonsRead MoreThe Early Middle Ages And Early Medieval Period Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pageshelp you learn about what historians call the late antiquity, early middle ages, and the early modern period. These periods were all crucial in the formation of modern government, philosophy, culture as well as many other aspects and qualities of society today. The late antiquity, the early middle ages and the early modern period were all named by historians to mark significant changes in politics, culture and spirituality. The late antiquity period is said to have started after the end of theRead MoreReligious Studies: The Ancient Mediterranean 680 Words   |  3 Pageson the Sibyls in Lactantius. My interest in Greek and Roman Culture led me to major in the Classics (Greek and Latin) at the University of North Carolina at Asheville (UNCA), with a minor in Religious Studies. After working towards a masters, I want to pursue a doctorate in the study of the religion of the late Roman Empire, with the intent on an academic career in Religious Studies. I want to offer students new ways of perceiving the world by examining religious and cultural beliefs and practicesRead MoreHow Strongly Ancient Societies Affected The Formation Of Today s Society1434 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, by analyzing several characteristics basically originating from civilisations of Ancient Antiquity such as Greece and Rome. The civilized culture is dated back to ancient Greeks and Romans. Their contribution to philosophy, literature and politics has undeniably helped to form notions of modern Western cultures. This is because, assorted essential features in the life of Ancient Greeks and Romans which will be broadly analyzed, such as culture, society, trade, politics and slavery signifiedRead MoreRoman Empire1506 Words   |  7 Pages  The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors, and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The 500 year old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victoryRead MoreLooking At The Late Antique World963 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Looking at the Late Antique world,† writes Peter Brown in his seminal work The World of Late A ntiquity, â€Å"we are caught between the regretful contemplation of ancient ruins and the excited acclamation of new growth.† Brown’s work covers the years 150-750 AD a period of time too often – and mistakenly – labeled as the â€Å"dark ages.† Brown does not make this mistake. Instead, he challenges what seemed to be a grounded notion that the study of Late Antiquity was one of â€Å"decline and fall.† This was aRead MoreWhat Were the Chief Characteristics of the Roman World in the Period C. Ad 100 to C. 450?2148 Words   |  9 PagesThe world of classical Rome is a complex yet interesting area of study. It can teach us a lot about the Roman and wider European past and the society we are today. Therefore study of the later Roman Empire is essential when dissecting the inner workings and fall of this powerful empire. To learn fully about this time looking at the characteristics which made up this world is essential. The following essay w ill discuss in detail many of the characteristics of the Roman Empire in the time period 100Read MoreGrow Your Hair Lengthy with the Best Homemade Shampoo934 Words   |  4 Pages Classical Antiquity in the Middle Age. Classical antiquity is an era of cultural history centered in the Mediterranean region. It involves the history of the Romans and the Greek people and how the two intertwined to into forming the Greco-Roman dynasty that had great influence in the ancient time over a great region. The cohesion of this two ancient great people led to an era of great historical importance. The middle age describes the era which the western Roman region collapsedRead MoreGoddess, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity, written by Sarah B. Pomery1327 Words   |  5 PagesPomeroy, S. B. (1995). Goddesses, whores, wives, and slaves: women in classical antiquity. New York: Schocken Books. Goddess, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity, written by Sarah B. Pomery, focuses on the main categories of women in the literature and society of ancient Greece and Roman over a time period of fifteen hundred years. Pomery focuses on these roles and how they are significant in the development and structure of these great ancient civilizations. Her goal in writingRead MoreRoman Art Of Ancient Rome1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthat, although Roman masters continued the tradition of Hellenic, yet the art of ancient Rome - an independent phenomenon, determined by the course and the course of historical events, and living conditions, and the originality of religious beliefs, character traits of the Romans, and other factors. Roman art as a special artistic phenomenon began to study only in the twentieth century is essentially realized only if all its originality and uniqueness. Yet still many prominent antiquity, believed that

The Feminist Theory Essays - 887 Words

Feminists rely chiefly on the contention that the traditional analysis of world politics is fundamentally gendered. Gender-sensitive analysis begins with the premise that societal institutions are made by humans and are therefore changeable by humans. Feminists systematically deconstruct the notions traditionally held by realists and taken for granted as how the world works. Gender-sensitive analysis takes many factors into consideration that the realist does not. As history dictates, the world, both in the domestic and international scenes, has been predominantly ruled by men. Women have historically been almost entirely excluded from policy-making positions throughout the world. Until recently there have been almost no women†¦show more content†¦Through gendered analysis, i.e. without taking into consideration those qualities we have come to categorize as feminine, traditional realist theory has ignored what may well be a fundamental aspect of human nature. Feminist theory questions the traditional Waltzian levels of analysis. They contend that the individual, the state and the international system are arbitrarily determined and are not discrete levels of analysis. They hold that they are, in fact, mutually reinforcing constructs, each based on behaviors associated with hegemonic masculinity (Tickner, 131). Feminists attack what some have termed economic man and political man. These figures, constructed out of masculine characteristics, have been defined by autonomy, independence, power-over relations, and an instrumental notion of reality (Tickner, 131). These constructs have become an integral part of the traditional analysis of world politics. Feminists attempt to deconstruct these (traditionally) highly valued notions by contending that there are other human characteristics, such as the desire for community, interdependence, and cooperation that define human nature as much as the traditional. Some feminists argue that male-dominated foreign policy making marginalizes the importance of individuals and their families in the name of an abstract conception of the national interest (True, 121). Christine Sylvester specificallyShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory : A Feminist Life1591 Words   |  7 PagesWriter, feminist theorist, and professor Sara Ahmed wrote Living a Feminist Life alongside her blog feministkilljoys.com. She started writing it before and completed it after her resignation in 2016 from her post as director of the Centre for Feminist Research at Goldsmiths at the University of London after a lengthy struggle to hold the school accountable for incidents of sexual harassment on campus (Ahmed, n.d.). Her resignation, and location both in and out of the academy informed a lot of theRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism1245 Words   |  5 Pageseffect change in the world when only half of it is invited to feel welcome to participate in the conversation ( Watson, 2014 ). In the feminist perspective, which is an extension of feminism, there is support of equality for both women and men. Feminism is a belief that women and men have equal rights and opportunities. There are many different branches in the feminist perspective, one of the most interesting one is intersectional feminism. Intersectional feminism believes that experiences of classRead MoreThe Exploration Of Feminist Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe theory focused on is the exploration of feminist theory developed by Mary Wollstonecraft in the 1790’s. The traditional interpretation of this theory is based on the common ideology of feminism within the Communication world. Illustrating gender inequality the feminist theory analysis into the social fields of politics, business, media platforms, and social normalities. Research traditions include socio-psychology and semiotics due to the cause and effect relationships that help create socialRead MoreSocial Reaction Theory And Feminist Theory Of Crimes1476 Words   |  6 Pages Social Reaction Theory and Feminist Theory of Crimes are the subject theories I am going to review, examine, and explain. I will be discussing the evolution of social reaction and labeling theory, which is mainly concerned with how individuals’ personal identities are highly influenced by the way that society has a tendency to classify them as offenders. I will also be reviewing the various forms of feminist theories, which began as reactions to the lack of reasonable theorizing about why femalesRead MoreFeminist Social Theory Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesFeminist social theory ought to challenge the ideals of Classical social theory embodied by the work of authors, such Marx, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. Such traditional values tend to exclude women from their social analysis of the modern world, as women were considered non social agents. In support of this, Durkheim claim that men were product of society, whereas wome n belonged to nature, (Harrington: 2005, p.236). Thus, feminist social theory embrace post-enlightenment principles, focusing on valuesRead MoreThe Feminist Theory Of Animal Studies924 Words   |  4 PagesFeminist scholars are concerned with a broad range of issues and topics for discussion. Taking this into consideration, animal studies is a new and edgy field, especially in the context of feminist theory. The general findings of this paper include patriarchal establishments, and speciesism as an institution of oppression influencing and interconnected with sexism. However, this literature review will not explore the connections of animal studies within queer theory due to insufficient research,Read MoreFeminism And The Postmodern Feminist Theory1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolution of feminist theory from a modern to a postmodern viewpoint stands to correct the injustices of historically liberal feminism. For some time, grand narratives have governed the ideas of self and gen der from a single experience of â€Å"man†. Traditionally, modern feminism aimed to eradicate the hegemonic theory of inferiority by women to the male gender. Postmodern feminism aspires to eliminate categories of gender altogether, for the social construct of gender is considered to disregardRead MoreFeminist Theory Applied to Hamlet2809 Words   |  12 PagesRepresenting Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism Elaine Showalter Though she is neglected in criticism, Ophelia is probably the most frequently illustrated and cited of Shakespeare’s heroines. Her visibility as a subject in literature, popular culture, and painting, from Redon who paints her drowning, to Bob Dylan, who places her on Desolation Row, to Cannon Mills, which has named a flowery sheet pattern after her, is in inverse relation to her invisibility inRead MoreEssay on Feminism and Modern Feminist Theory1068 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism is a body of social theory and political movement primarily based on and motivated by the experiences of women. While generally providing a critique of social relations, many proponents of feminism also focus on analyzing gender inequality and the promotion of womens rights, interests, and issues. Feminist theory aims to understand the nature of gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations and sexuality. Feminist political activism campaigns on issues such asRead MoreFeminism Final Exam : Feminist Theory1851 Words   |  8 PagesAlonia Lewis Prof Barnes Feminism Final Exam May 4, 2016 In feminist theory there are two ways to study and research epistemology. There is the Essentialist (standpoint) theory and there is the Social constructivist (post structuralist). The essentialist epistemology is to view certain roles as being the way they are because that is the way that nature has intended it to be. While the post structuralist standpoint is viewing knowledge as if it is all man made. It is to say that everything is

National Crime Criminal Information System Free Essays

Preliminary Project Plan For the National Crime Information System Project Group Members Asebe Jeware Bereka Yesuf Betreab Solomon Fantaye Kumssa Hijira Seid Tadesse Aregawi Tilaye Teshome Table of Contents 1Executive Summary3 2Project Scope6 3Expected Benefits8 4Preliminary Project Timeline9 5Preliminary Staffing Requirements10 6Preliminary Risk Assessment11 7Preliminary Assumptions12 8Preliminary Budget13 9This Project And Its Impact On Or By Other Projects14 10This Project And Its Impact On Or By Existing Systems15 11This Project And Its Impact On Or By Existing Infrastructure16 12Recommendations / Next Steps17 13Appendices18Executive Summary The  National Crime Information System (NCIS)  will be the country’s central  database for tracking crime-related information. The project would act as a computerized index of crime and criminal justice information (i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on National Crime Criminal Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now – criminal record history information, fugitives, stolen properties, wanted and missing persons) and will be available to Federal Police, Regional state Police commissions, Federal Ministry of Justice, Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, Federal Prison Administration, Authorized law enforcement agencies and other criminal justice organizations and it will be operational 24 hours a day.The purpose for maintaining the NCIS is to provide a computerized database for ready access by the Federal Police making an inquiry and for prompt disclosure of information in the system from other criminal justice agencies about crimes and criminals. This information assists authorized agencies in criminal justice and related law enforcement objectives, such as apprehending fugitives, locating missing persons, locating and returning stolen property, generating statistical data on crimes and criminals as well as in the protection of the law enforcement officers encountering the indivi duals described in the system. The project would be involved in eliciting the requirements from Federal Police, Regional State Polices, Ministry of Justice and Other Stakeholders, understanding those requirements and developing a prototype of the application that we have planned to build. The NCIS project will be completed in two years. We plan to achieve maximum automation of crime Investigation process and try to minimize the manual intervention. The system will have a common database in which authorized officers can easily find crime and criminal information anywhere in the country. BackgroundEthiopia has an administrative structure of federal system in which states forming the federation govern themselves through their own legislative, judiciary and executive organs. There are nine regional states and two city administrative councils that form the Government. This necessitates a high degree of coordination among the Federal Government, states and other institutions towards achieving national objectives. The Federal Police which is one of the major law enforcement bodies is expected to play a pivotal role in the administration of Crime Prevention and Investigation.However, the absence of a well organized National Crime Information system has remained a major challenge to the Organizations in Criminal Justice to carryout their duties and responsibilities successfully. This reality makes it mandatory to create and develop a well defined and systematized crime data collection method and the establishment of a sustainable Crime Information System that would be used as inexhaustible source of data/information for purposes of crime prevention, criminal investigation, policy formulation etc. Scope (X months or years in duration)The Project will introduce a new Information System; with the following features: †¢ It records and manages the national crimes and criminals information. †¢ Manages and Records missing, wanted persons and fugitives. †¢ Locating stolen properties and missing persons. †¢ Searching and generating statistical report on crimes and criminals. †¢ Providing information on missing persons and stolen properties for further investigation. Outcomes / Expected Benefits †¢ The NCIS will make available a variety of records to be used for law enforcement and security purposes.These records are made up of a variety of forms of personal and property records. †¢ The information in the NCIS assists authorized agencies in criminal justice objectives, such as apprehending fugitives, locating missing persons, locating and returning stolen property, as well as in the protection of the law enforcement officers encountering the individuals described in the system. †¢ The system will have crime database information which will be centrally available and shared among stakeholders. Make available statistical data on crimes and criminals that would help in providing education to the public on major crimes †¢ Researchers and study centers will have access to the database information relevant for their purpose. †¢ Mak e available Statistical data on crimes that would help in revising existing laws and crime prevention directions †¢ Easily allocate data on criminals, missing persons, and lost properties. †¢ Formulates means and methods of criminal statistical data collection, organization , analysis and interpretation necessary to study the causes of crimes and design methods of crime prevention Project Scope Project Name: National Crime Information System (NCIS) | |Project Sponsor(s): |Project Manager: | |Federal Police |Fantaye | |Project Start Date: |Project End Date: | |October 2010 |October 2012 | |Goals / Objectives | |The business goals and objectives for this project will focus on implementing an Information System that: | |Facilitates coordination and information sharing between the major law enforcement and crime prevention organizations of the country | |Facilitates coordinated crime prevention and reduction. |Provides high levels of data security. | |Facilitates the electronic capture of data at its source. | |Eliminate redundant data entry throughout the organization. | |provide a computerized data base for ready access by a criminal justice Organs | | | |Project go als and objectives: | | | |Ensure that end users have input into the design process. |Accomplish project business goals and objectives within defined budget and time parameters. | |Minimize impact to standard business operations within the affected units. | |Craft a favorable and secure agreement between the Department and the selected vendor. | |Background / Narrative | |The absence of a centrally shared information system on crimes and criminals is a major problem for all criminal justices bodies of the country | |to easily allocate wanted persons, locate missing properties and have a realistic statistical data on major crimes.This reality makes it | |mandatory to create and develop a well defined and systematized crime data collection method and the establishment of a sustainable Crime | |Information System that would be used as inexhaustible source of data/information for purposes of crime prevention, criminal investigation, | |policy formulation etc. | |Project Deliverables | |The following are the tangible deliverables for this project: | |Preliminary Project Plan |Requirements Elicitation | |Requirements Analysis | |Architectural Design | |Object/Component Design | |Coding | |Testing | |Final version of all documents | | | |In tangible deliverables | |Security | |Performance | |Availability | |Accuracy | |Completeness | |Project Boundaries | |The project is limited to handle crime and criminal related information. How to cite National Crime Criminal Information System, Papers

A International Journal of Educational Development - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the A International Journal of Educational Development. Answer: The skills of the people are defined as the pattern of behavioral interaction among the people. It can be said that there are three important set of abilities for the people such as the interaction skills of the people, personal effectiveness as well as intercession skills. This skill helps to explore the behavior of an individual and how they will perceive it irrespective of the feeling as well as thinking ability of the people. Peoples skills can also be defined as the different dynamics of ecology and the functions with the people from other personality styles in different environment. Peoples skills include the ability to communicate, empathize as well as understand the behavior of other people. It is also built on trust and sincerity and enhances agreeableness and moderate behavior of the individuals. On the other hand, non-verbal immediacy behaviors helps in reducing the physical distance, display relaxed movements and postures, smile, use gestures and remain engage in eye cont act during different interaction processes. The immediacy behaviors help in attentiveness and to communicate the different availability processes. These behaviors also involve an increase in the sensory stimulation and this are considered as multichannel. There are different types of non-verbal behavior that comprises the immediacy construct of the individuals. The Non-verbal immediacy self-reports is also based on the immediacy of the people that is in relation to communication (York, 2015). This paper will highlight the non-immediacy and peoples skills and it will highlight the different literatures stated by famous researchers. According to Tolan Cameron (2016), the importance of person centered theory is universal, elegant and simple. The experiences of the people are defined as the sensory inputs and this information generally comes from the five senses i.e. from visceral or internal feelings. It can be said that the self-structured model helps an individual to develop and grow accordingly. Moreover, it also helps to symbolize awareness among the people and it is considered as a better way of understanding people and organizing the different experiences in a better way. The person centered theory focus on striving and integrating the organismic experiences of the people around the world with their individual self-structure. Barr(2017) has stated that the skills of the good people are considered as an asset for the organization. These skills are defined as the ability of the individuals to communicate and listen properly and also to relate on the personal and professional experiences of the individuals. T he skills of the good people in communication areas includes the ability of the individuals to grab the required information, participate in effective written and verbal exchange and to clarify the comments of the individuals. These skills can also be developed in a better way through active listening in which it is important to focus on the words of the speakers rather than using their own time to formulate the own individual experiences. It can also be said that empathy of an individual is defined as the ability to have a visceral understanding of the thoughts and the feelings of another individual. These skills helps to put an individual in that persons place and thus recognize the thoughts and feelings of the individual. Hesse(2015) has highlighted that collaboration is an important skill of people and this helps the individuals to work towards a common goal. Cooperation is also defined as the collaborative problem solving skills and it is also considered as a lower ordered vision of the individuals in a particular society. This problem solving skills of the individuals is beneficial when an individual deals with different problems that are considered complex. Moreover, the problem solving skills of an individual also helps in perceiving the discrepancy between the desired goal state and the current state of an individual. The different procedural approach also implies solution and awareness to the nature of problem of an individual. Armstrong(2016) has defined that the skills of the individuals includes the ability to listen attentively and to remain engaged in the conversation. It also includes positive attitude of the individuals and thus this gives opportunity and challenges to the individuals to develop in a more better way. There might also be communication breakdown and thus it results in interpersonal errors and conflicts that leads to the failure of project in different organization. The skills of the individuals are also important in team building and individuals must try to focus while working in a particular project. On the other hand, it is also important to focus on the responsibility skills and attitudes of the individuals and the organization must also hire those workers who can manage themselves and work in a better environment. Cheruvelli et al.,(2014) has also stated that peoples skills allows to relate, communicate and socialize with other people in the organization. These skills include both the verbal and the non-verbal forms of communication. It can be said that the verbal skills includes the ability of the individuals to determine the right thing at the right time. Moreover, people with good verbal skills must also have a clear voice, speak appropriately, have inflexion and be confident in their voice. The poor verbal skills of the individuals must have a proper voice, speak softly with other people and tolerate other people. Cerdin Brewster (2014) has predicted that peoples skills must be learned and there are some people who must have innate sense to forecast good skills. There are some people who might have difficulty in voice inflation and they might not lack proper body language that is considered important in different circumstances. On the other hand, people with social anxiety disorders may f ail to face different social situations and thus their social skills might not be depicted in a proper way at the proper time. The people can express their opinions and views within a group. Schiemann (2014) has highlighted that the skills of the individuals helps in developing emotional intelligence It will also help to resolve the conflict of different individuals in a positive and better way. A person with good skills will take time to listen and then accordingly to the particular situation. Moreover, this person will also not interrupt in any situation and they will try to focus on what other people say and thus understand them. According to Raina Zameer (2016), non verbal immediacy is considered efficient, effective and reliable basis of information for the people. The theories that are associated with non verbal immediacy plays an affective, emotional and relational role in different interpersonal interactions and thus this conveys that information is associated with the attitudes, emotions and motivations of an individual. Many individuals also believe that non-verbal content helps in reflecting the true feelings of an individual and these also helps in delivering the proper content and message to the other individuals. The interpreting non-verbal cues are also considered challenging because it becomes difficult for the individuals to deal with the non-verbal cues in a better way. People must also focus on the body languages and it must be assumed that these non-verbal cues helps in conveying the real message that is present in the behavior of other people. Another important challenge of non-verbal immed iacy may also be referred to as the inability of the individuals to get adapted in self-monitoring and conceal with the emotion of the individuals. Zafarghandi, Salehi Sabet (2016) has highlighted that the non-verbal behavior of the individuals helps in exhibiting better belief system and this must be considered consistent with the cultural beliefs of the individuals. Although in many cases, it has been found that that the success of non-verbal immediacy among intercultural communication must be dependent on the awareness level of the individuals. The non-verbal primacy model depicts that people must rely on the non verbal immediacy when they are engaged in the interpretation of quality and the behavior of the individuals. Moreover, the non verbal immediacy curs are also typically encoded in most cases and there must be a set of interrelated behaviors that needs to work in co-ordination with the physical and psychological processes. Therefore, it can be said that close proximity distance, eye contact, touch, head nods and vocal expressiveness are the commonly used non verbal immediacy cues that are used by different individuals in different situations. These non verbal immediacy cues also conveys negative effect, avoidance, inaccessibility and dislike in different circumstances. People generally depend on non-verbal cues for three important reasons because these non-verbal immediacy in certain cases are considered trustworthy and spontaneous, ontogenetic or phylogenetic because it helps people to adapt to different situations in a better way. Moreover, these non verbal cues also helps in the interpretation of emotions of the individuals. Peoples skills are also considered important for successful career of individuals and in different professions. It is important to maintain a positive attitude and outlook and be a good listener. Therefore, it can be said that both on immediacy behavior and skills of the individ uals are important communication strategies that helps in the development of individuals. References Armstrong, M. (2016).How to manage people. Kogan Page Publishers. Barr, H. (2017). Defining social studies.Teachers and curriculum,1(1). Cerdin, J. L., Brewster, C. (2014). Talent management and expatriation: Bridging two streams of research and practice.Journal of World Business,49(2), 245-252. Cheruvelil, K. S., Soranno, P. A., Weathers, K. C., Hanson, P. C., Goring, S. J., Filstrup, C. T., Read, E. K. (2014). Creating and maintaining high?performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,12(1), 31-38. Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., Griffin, P. (2015). A framework for teachable collaborative problem solving skills. InAssessment and teaching of 21st century skills(pp. 37-56). Springer Netherlands. Raina, R., Zameer, A. (2016). A study of non-verbal immediacy behaviour from the perspective of Indian cultural context, gender and experience.International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management,13(1), 35-56. Schiemann, W. A. (2014). From talent management to talent optimization.Journal of World Business,49(2), 281-288. Tolan, J., Cameron, R. (2016).Skills in person-centred counselling psychotherapy. Sage. York, D. (2015). Non-verbal immediacy's role in student learning.Journal of Media and Communication Studies,7(1), 1. Zafarghandi, A. M., Salehi, S., Sabet, M. K. (2016). The Effect of EFL Teachers Extrovert and Introvert Personality on Their Instructional Immediacy.International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature,5(1), 57-64. Furlich, S. A. (2016). Understanding Instructor Nonverbal Immediacy, Verbal Immediacy, and Student Motivation at a Small Liberal Arts University.Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,16(3), 11-22. Hargittai, E., Shaw, A. (2015). Mind the skills gap: the role of Internet know-how and gender in differentiated contributions to Wikipedia.Information, communication society,18(4), 424-442. Limbu, Y. B., Limbu, Y. B., Jayachandran, C., Jayachandran, C., Babin, B. J., Babin, B. J., ... Peterson, R. T. (2016). Empathy, nonverbal immediacy, and salesperson performance: the mediating role of adaptive selling behavior.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(5), 654-667. Shams, F., Khan, N., Zainab, B., Shah, K., Farid, N. (2016). Non-Verbal Communication and Its Effect on Students at Secondary Level in District Buner, Pakistan.Language in India,16(2). Valiente, O. (2014). The OECD skills strategy and the education agenda for development.International Journal of Educational Development,39, 40-48.

Shall We Walk by Pura Santillan free essay sample

Pura Santillan-Castrence begins the essay with a casual tone and continues with a descriptive manner of enumerating the unmatched benefits of walking. The words used all throughout were infallible in evoking a visual image in a reader’s mind and thus, adding to the beauty of a gradual development of scenes. At first glance, her work exemplifies a mundane composition exclusively suited for health-conscious readers. However, an insightful ending thrashes initial judgements as the author proves the relevance of a simple introduction to achieve her purpose in writing the piece. â€Å"Shall We Walk? † brilliantly incorporated purposeful essence into an extremely ordinary action—walking. From its advantages to man’s health, to the different kinds of people one sees, to the lessons you may learn along the way and finally, the discovery of oneself. All of these are possible when one uses his feet to travel to his destination. I distinctly appreciated the essay’s realistic approach, which allowed me to relate with the text since I, myself, walk when commuting from Katipunan to my beautiful abode in Makati. We will write a custom essay sample on Shall We Walk by Pura Santillan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Likewise, I was awed by the realization that my surrounding is an instrument which communicates life truths and lessons that can strengthen one’s character. The surrounding that most people take for granted is, after all, a silent teacher that one will recognize only if he cares to open his eyes and see beyond what is readily presented on the surface. It is also this surrounding that serves as a serene place for stressed people, like me, to unwind and to think clearly. On top of all of these, the essay added meaning to an action I perform only because it is necessary. It left a lasting impact as it conveyed that walking is tantamount to learning and discovering, not only my environment and society, but more importantly, my individuality. I was instantly attached to this essay, most especially because it paved the way for me to see a bigger truth about life. It reminded me that every part of man’s journey here on earth is a learning experience and one has to immerse himself with his surrounding in order to fully develop his character. From now on, I’ll be looking forward to walking the streets of Katipunan with utter excitement. Because the world reveals itself to those who do so, I just can’t wait to travel once again by foot.

Moving from prescribing medications by brand name to INN The WritePass Journal

Moving from prescribing medications by brand name to INN Abstract Moving from prescribing medications by brand name to INN ). As a result of the new changes in the medical practises, there are resulting gaps between the prescription options based on evidence, and the usual practises in most clinics. For example, other than the common error of under dozing and over dozing, the prescribers may occasionally give particular medicines for wrong conditions. Biological Medicines and Biosimillar medicines The biological medicines are also referred to as biologics, and consist of organic compounds made through biotechnological mechanisms. The biologics appeared for use in the 1980s, and have since then advanced to bring improvements in the treatment of many diseases. Their uses as alternative medicine have revolutionized the treatment of diseases, which has led to the improvement of health status across billions of people in the world. Consequently, this category of drugs has become popular since their introduction, a process whose end has seen the diminishing power of the original biological medicine. There are many manufacturing companies, who have acquired the permission to manufacture similar brands of the original biological medicine, commonly trending the medical market as biosimillar medicines. As a result of the existing complexity in the process of manufacturing the original medicine, the biosimillar medicines do not qualify for the generic class of medicine (Dylst, Vulto Simoens, 2013). This is mainly due to the fact that this category is not typically identical to the original medicine. There are concerns regarding the authenticity and the effectiveness of the process of differentiating between such biosimillar medicines and the original biological medicines. These concerns are based on the extents of similarities observed when such drugs are used, as compared to the original biological medicines. For example, under same conditions of a particular patient, when a biosimillar is compared with Infliximab, the uses of biosimilars have manifested the same therapeutic efficacy, as well as the incidences of drug related events. In addition to the similar levels of therapeutic efficacy, biosimilars are equally tolerated by the body system, and also comparable in terms of their safety issues. It is the complexity in their manufacturing processes, in tandem with safety concerns that the ongoing monitoring derives its basis (Declerck Simoens, 2012). Concerns regarding the use of biosimilar drugs The concerns rose over the issues relating to safety, efficacy and the cost of using the biosimilars have resulted into the urgent need for a change of prescription method from the initial brand name to the use of active ingredients. This is because of the compromise of such brands, in which certain biosimilars do not recognize the copied brands, and thus creating confusion. The key concern that has been raised through the Pharmacovigilance involves the criteria wit which one can use to draw a line between the original biological medicine and the biosimilar medicines. There are a plethora of biosimilar medicines that after manufacturing have been approved by the European Medicines Agency. Such approvals have derived their bases on the abbreviated programs, in which the manufacturing process was purely based on copying the formula of those biological medicines already in the market. Some of these biosimilar medicines in this category exist in the market, despite lack of approval by the regulatory bodies, under the legal regulatory frameworks within Europe. Their lack of approval has therefore led to the ultimate doubt about the validity of such medicines, especially the possibility of adverse reactions occurring as side effects. The cost of purchasing the biosimilar medicines has also raised major concerns in the pharmaceutical industries in the Europe, just like other parts of the world. The relative low cost of acquiring such medicines has led into a perception by many people, that the existence of cheaper alternatives could be derailing the development of the industry. Consequently, there is an increase of pressure to prescribe the cheaper and new alternatives among patients, who may not afford the original biological medicines. Furthermore, such pressures have led to the increased use of such alternatives without any critical attention paid to the criteria of prescription and application of brand names. Transition from the drug brand name to the INN system of drug prescription The recent decades have been epitomised by a major burden of chronic diseases, not only among the European member states, but also across the globe. In order to curb the ever growing menace of such diseases among populations, the concerned authorities such as the World Health Organization, through respective governments have had to act. The chief aim of such action by the WHO, through respective governments have been to facilitate, and enforce laws to ensure that all professional health workers and patients access the safest, high quality, modern and affordable medicine to improve the health status of their people. Biomedical studies over time have identified the biological medicines as one of the most effective categories of medicine that can meet this criterion. However, the main challenge in the provision of such biological medicine has been manifested on the means of identification by both patients and pharmacists during prescription. Surveys have further pointed out that the method of prescription plays a pivotal role in limiting the resulting confusion during the identification of drugs from place, particularly from one country to another within Europe (CDC, 2012). For instance, over the recent decades, the method of prescription has been based on the brand name. There are a number of factors that determine the brand name for a particular medicine, such as the location or trans-border movements within Europe. Such variation   have therefore been a core ingredient in breeding the much confusion when prescribing drugs from one place, especially for patients who may be new in such places. A particular brand name for a medicine used at one point may either be unfamiliar, or used for a different medicine in another place (Rotenstein et.al, 2013). Consequently, the need for a more standardised system of naming and prescribing drugs across the globe, including the European member states becomes an indispensible discourse. The European member states, in tandem with the world, have therefore joined the movement from prescribing medications by brand name to the INN International Nonproprietary Name (INN). Currently, there is a legislation process, whose purpose is to prevent doctors from brand prescription, but rather an active ingredient in the medicine, to allow easy determination by the patient. The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) The International Nonproprietary Name is a special term in healthy sciences and medicines, which is given to pharmaceuticals for purposes of easy identification. Having been initiated by the World Health Organization, the INN system of identification began to operate in 1953, for the benefit of not only the health workers such as pharmacists, but also help patients identify their medication with ease. The ease of identification was based on the common aim of the system for the generation of convenient common names for the existing pharmaceutical substances. In this case, each name generated under this system becomes unique for a global recognition of the substance as a public property. Consequently, the INN given to each pharmaceutical can have wide uses for the manufacturers and users, as well as the process of generic prescription in studies regarding drug use (CDC, 2012). The use of the International Nonproprietary Name in the drug prescription process functions to harmonise the communication regarding the medical activities among health professionals, drug consumers and patients. As a result, this system helps to prevent potential occurrence of medication errors. A medication error refers to any resulting misconception in the processes of drug prescription, dispensation, administration as well as monitoring the use of a particular drug. Medication errors are a major cause of most adverse reactions in patients, whose prevention can easily be achieved through accurate use of the relevant drugs. The accuracy can also be achieved through a process of synchronization, in which a single drug can retain a single identification from one place to another. A prescription method, based on the active ingredient as the common component of a particular drug, such as the INN system, has been enforced through a new legislative body referred to as the European Union Pharmacovigilance Legislation. Pharmacovigilance is a process, which consists of scientific activities of detecting, conducting an assessment of the adverse risks, understanding, and the establishment of potential prevention measures for the resulting adverse reactions (CDC, 2012). The European Medicines Agency Responsibilities The chief responsibility of the European Medicines Agency is to obtain and report the relevant data regarding adverse drug reactions, resulting from medical errors. Such reports are gathered and submitted to the Eudravigilance, a database that stores all the relevant data for medical errors among the European member states. Moreover, the database system is designed in such a way that it does not only receive the relevant information on adverse drug reaction, but also processes, stores and avails upon demand, the stored information after electronic submission.s The database run by the European Medical agency also permits users to conduct a critical analysis of the data herein, and enables one t make accurate conclusions regarding the data collected in determining the prevailing medical trends in different regions of Europe (Declerck, Simoens, 2012). In the modern system, there are legislative measures, which ensure that the data regarding medicines are stored and undergo general processing, during which drugs should maintain a standard description using the active ingredient, other than the initial brand name. In addition to the data reception, storage, and analysis through the Eudravigilance database, the legislative body also has a role of coordination among the European member states. The coordination role between different medicine regulatory authorities across Europe also involves all the individual Pharmacovigilance centres, as well as the patient safety authorities. The main aim of this role is to ensure that there is mutual flow of relevant information among the member states, so as to enhance communication of the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) is also a legislative committee charged with a duty of offering the requisite recommendations for all medicine regulatory frameworks within the EU (Allen Ansel, 2013). The recommendations made by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee function to enhance further safety issues, resulting from inappropriate use of medicines in various regions across the member states (O’Connor, Gallagher O’Mahony, 2012). While formulating these recommendations, the committee takes into considerations, including risk management issues, to monitor the extent of effectiveness, with which various mechanisms help to eradicate the occurrence of medication errors and adverse drug reactions. Role of a Pharmacist in Determining a Drug Prescription Pharmacists have the most critical role in determining the type or brand of medication to prescribe. This is because they are the base of the powers for dispensing the drugs for patients, in a normal clinical routine (Gibberson et.al, 2013). When lack of professionalism occurs in the dispensation of medicines for patients, there are higher chances of adverse medical reactions resulting from medical errors. Each year, the occurrence of medical errors, emanating from inappropriate prescription and dispensation of medicines by unprofessional pharmacists has caused harm to at least 1.5 million people. Furthermore, the loss incurred in terms of the cost of treating the injuries caused in hospitals runs at higher levels of at least $3.5 Billion each year. However, these cost estimates do not take into account the additional cost in terms of the extra wages and salaries incurred while causing and correcting such messes (Spinewine, Fialov Byrne, 2012). Throughout history, pharmacists have played a pivotal role in ensuring an improved patient health through appropriate prescription and dispensing of the right brand of medicine. Through improved disease management techniques and therapy practises, effective spending in healthcare activities, and enhanced adherence leads to improved quality of life (Haga et.al, 2013). In order to influence the brand of medicine to prescribe for a particular patient, the pharmacist should acquire a deeper comprehension of the patients’ medical condition. Most often, the pharmacist relies entirely on the information obtained from the technician, which helps them provide additional base for the patient’s safety (O’Connor, Gallagher O’Mahony, 2012). In order to obtain the required accuracy, it is important for the technician to observe strict adherence to the system based procedures when obtaining the information regarding a patient’s medical condition. In cases where the technician experiences unusual or any form of abnormalities, it is their responsibility to inform the pharmacist, to enable them prescribe and dispense the right brand of medicine (Allen Ansel, 2013). The Scope of Practise in Pharmacy The scope of practise for different pharmacists varies from one country to another, depending on the prevailing state laws. The governing board of pharmacy also plays a pivotal role in determining the extent to which professional pharmacists can exercise their powers, and ability to influence the type of prescription. There are sets of regulation in various countries, which permit the pharmacists to exercise their powers as professional within specific areas within the medical care system (Law et.al, 2012). On the other hand, other countries have laws that encourage a broader approach to service delivery within the medical service delivery. The pharmacist may therefore take part in different parts of the medication, ranging from diagnosis, prescription, drug dispensation as well as monitoring. The pharmacist therefore has a wide range of options and opportunities, during which they can influence the prescription of a given medicine (Abood, 2012). Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is another aspect of enabler, through which pharmacists acquire an opportunity to influence the prescription. In the modern world of health care system, the practise of pharmacy has advanced from the initial practise of dispensing medicine and offering counselling sessions to offering more detailed clinical patient care services. In cases where a pharmacist meets restraining conditions in which they are unable to offer a wider spectrum of services to their patients, they often lack satisfaction from their jobs (Allen Ansel, 2013). Eradication of fraudulent prescription The main source of medical errors often emanate from fraudulent prescriptions, some of which are out of human intervention, while the rest may be unintentional. In order to take control of the process and make the relevant decision regarding the prescription, pharmacists should understand what constitutes fraudulent practises and work towards eradicating them. Fraudulent prescriptions are caused by legitimate practises, in which patients decide to make alterations to their prescriptions to suit their personal interests (Declerck Simoens, 2012). In such cases, the patient may show preference for a particular brand of medicine, and insist that they be treated with the same. In other experiences, patients may also alter prescriptions depending on the cost incurred, in which they either opt for cheaper brands, or prefer more expensive brands due to their perception of higher quality and efficacy. A pharmacist may use their influence in such cases to discover the fraud and alter the prescription, and dispense the right medicine depending on the patient’s conditions (Cornes, 2012). In addition to cases of alteration, pharmacists also have the technical and professional skills to discover the validity of prescription pads. One of the most conspicuous methods of identifying the validity of such prescription pads may involve subjecting the contact information to a rigor of scrutiny, to determine if they bear the name of the bearer. Such details may include the surnames, contact phone number as well as the registration number (Campanelli, 2012). Professionally, stealing a prescription pads translates into an automatic medical error and a potential adverse reaction. In situations where the pharmacists discover such anomalies, there are a number of professional measures that can be employed to influence the brand of medication prescribed and dispensed. Pharmacists ensure that they apply strict rules, in which only the state authorised individuals or prescribers can write prescription orders. The state authorized person is defined by the state a trained physician, dentist, veterinarian, podiatrist, as well as other state registered practitioners. For instance, there are states with strict rules in which other health professionals such as physician assistants and nurses to participate in conducting prescriptions under supervision or instruction by the pharmacist in charge. Similarly, other states also permit a sense of autonomy for the mid-level practitioners (Law, et.al, 2012). The pharmacist therefore has a duty to understand the prevailing laws regarding the state provisions on drug prescription, before determining one. This helps them avoid cases of assumption, in which they perceive that every prescription given for the controlled substances is inappropriate. A pharmacist who obtains a prescription whose validity attracts signs of doubt or appears invalid in any way, it is professional to undertake affirmative steps aimed at establishing the authenticity of the prescription holder (Cornes, 2012). In cases where the pharmacists have doubts about the contact information, they may have to use the prescriber’s contact office, other than the patients contact information. A telephone call to the office creates an additional time in the prescription process, during the concerned parties may address the gaps in the existing prescription. This way, the pharmacist not only gets a chance to influence the types of medication prescribed, but also adheres to t he legal requirements, including state laws regarding the use of drugs. References Abood, R. R. (2012). Pharmacy practice and the law. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Allen, L. V., Ansel, H. C. (2013). Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Campanelli, C. M. (2012). American Geriatrics Society Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults: The American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(4), 616. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. (2012). CDC grand rounds: prescription drug overdoses-a US epidemic. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 61(1), 10. Cornes, P. (2012). The economic pressures for biosimilar drug use in cancer medicine. Targeted oncology, 7(1), 57-67. Declerck, P. J., Simoens, S. A. (2012). European perspective on the market accessibility of biosimilars. Biosimilars, 2, 33-40. Dylst, P., Vulto, A., Simoens, S. (2013). Demand-side policies to encourage the use of generic medicines: an overview. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics outcomes research, 13(1), 59-72. Garcà ­a-Gollarte, F., Baleriola-Jà ºlvez, J., Ferrero-Là ³pez, I., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J. (2012). Inappropriate drug prescription at nursing home admission. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13(1), 83-e9. Gibberson, R. A. D. M., Yoder, C. D. R., Lee, C. D. R. (2012). Improving Patient and Health System Outcomes through Advanced Pharmacy Practice. A Report to the US Surgeon General. University of the Incarnate Word Pharmacy Review, 1(2). Haga, S. B., Burke, W., Ginsburg, G. S., Mills, R., Agans, R. (2012). Primary care physicians knowledge of and experience with pharmacogenetic testing. Clinical genetics, 82(4), 388-394. Law, M. R., Ma, T., Fisher, J., Sketris, I. S. (2012). Independent pharmacist prescribing in Canada O’Connor, M. N., Gallagher, P., O’Mahony, D. (2012). Inappropriate Prescribing. Drugs aging, 29(6), 437-452. Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Crochard, A., Goni, S., Hein, C., Vellas, B. (2012). Psychotropic drug consumption at admission and discharge of nursing home residents. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13(4), 407-e7. Rotenstein, L. S., Ran, N., Shivers, J. P., Yarchoan, M., Close, K. L. (2012). Opportunities and Challenges for Biosimilars: Whats on the Horizon in the Global Insulin Market?. Clinical Diabetes, 30(4), 138-150. Spinewine, A., Fialov, D., Byrne, S. (2012). The role of the pharmacist in optimizing pharmacotherapy in older people. Drugs aging, 29(6), 495-510.

Property Law and Practice - Report on Legal Liability Assignment

Property Law and Practice - Report on Legal Liability - Assignment Example Act, 1996 states that no landowner can carry out construction or repair work to his property, which might impact an adjacent property without adhering the procedures laid down in the Act. An owner who is willing to initiate construction work stipulated under the Act must serve a notice to adjacent owners about their plan in the mode as prescribed in the Act. If a minor repair work is carried on the party wall, there is no need to serve notice under the Act. The Act covers both residential and commercial properties. (Wood et al, p.205). It is to be noted that adjoining owners may accept or disown what is proposed. When the adjacent owners oppose, the Act offers a way for solving the issues. The procedure set at the Party Wall Act is distinct from getting planning approval or approval under building regulations. Under section 2 of the Act, the owner should serve a notice to the adjacent owner where the proposed construction work is to a subsisting party wall even where the work may not extend away from the centre line of a party wall. It is not necessary that a party wall shall inevitably to have a border line running through its centre line but can stand astride peculiarly over it. A owner should serve a notice on the adjoining owners of a party wall about the intended construction or excavation and where a disagreement arises as regards to a party wall under section 1, or when no written consent has been received within fourteen days from the date of service of notice under section 2, then, issue has to be resolved with the help of a surveyor through a dispute resolution mechanism. The primary aim is that by placing the matters out of the parties’ purview, and assigning them to the independent experts, the Act offers Owners with a magnitude of certainty and minimises the peril of work being prolonged by protracted discussions. The Act places more onus on surveyors as the surveyors are required to comprehend where Act is applicable, and what has to be adh ered so as to make sure that a property owner adheres with the Act as the non-adherence will have disastrous outcomes. In Roadrunner case, Court of Appeal held that non-compliance of the Act will not only attract damages for non-adherence but also the Court will not take a lenient view of the failure by a party to adhere with the Act. Thus, this case stresses that a property owner who fails to adhere with the provisions of the Act is accountable for damages suffered by another party in spite of nonexistence of concrete corroboration that repairs carried out by that party really responsible for that damages. (Hannaford & Stephens, 2004, p.xiv). The above Act provides some rights to building owners who intends to carry out some sorts of structural changes to a subsisting party wall in addition to the rights available under common law. In Holbeck Hall Hotel, the Court of Appeal viewed that there is a measured obligation of care or fairness between neighbours to assess the respective pr ivileges and commitments between neighbouring owners. If a building owner must be careful not even start repairing his own side of the party wall without informing the adjacent owners of the proposed repair or construction. (Hannaford & Stephens, 2004, p.xiii). It is to be noted that though the Act does not make it compulsory to serve a notice on the adjacent owners, but adjoining owners can prevent the construction work through a court injection or through other legal means. Further, it is to be noted t